Henry Clay, Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852), was a nineteenth-century
American statesman and
orator who represented
Kentucky in both the
Senate and the
House of Representatives, where he served as
Speaker. He also served as
Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.
He was a dominant figure in both the
First and
Second Party Systems. As a leading
war hawk, he favored war with
Britain and played a significant role in leading the nation to
war in 1812.
[1] He was the foremost proponent of the
American System, fighting for an increase in tariffs to foster industry in the United States, the use of federal funding to build and maintain infrastructure, and a strong national bank. He opposed the annexation of Texas, fearing it would inject the slavery issue into politics. Clay also opposed the
Mexican-American War and the "
Manifest Destiny" policy of Democrats, which cost him votes in the close 1844 election. Dubbed the "Great Compromiser," he brokered important compromises during the
Nullification Crisis and on the
slavery issue, especially in
1820 and
1850, during which he was part of the "
Great Triumvirate" or "Immortal Trio," along with his colleagues
Daniel Webster and
John C. Calhoun. He was viewed as the primary representative of Western interests in this group, and was given the names "Henry of the West" and "The Western Star."
[2] In 1957, a Senate committee chaired by Sen.
John F. Kennedy named Clay as one of the five greatest Senators in U.S. history.
[3] Abraham Lincoln, Whig leader in Illinois, was a great admirer of Clay, saying he was "my beau ideal of a great man." Lincoln wholeheartedly supported Clay's economic programs.
[4].